GEOLOGY
College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics

BACHELOR OF ARTS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
MINOR
SUBJECT MATTER PROGRAM
MASTER OF SCIENCE
CAREER POSSIBILITIES
FACULTY 
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Geology is the study of the earth, its environments, and its history. It is an interdisciplinary science that combines geological observations and concepts with those of biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics. Its goals are to study rocks, minerals, fossils, and energy and water resources, and to understand geologic principles and processes that shape the earth and its environments.

The Sacramento State Geology program has three objectives: 1) to encourage students to think scientifically, 2) to provide students with the knowledge base to make progress in geology after leaving Sacramento State, and 3) to teach students basic skills such as using a petrographic microscope and field equipment, how to construct a geologic map, and how to write a technical geologic report.

The BA degree program is designed as a shorter, more flexible preparation for some geology jobs, earth science teaching in high school (see Teaching Credential), and jobs such as park naturalist, environmentalist, geologic planning specialist, or in geology-related businesses. The BA degree can be used in dual-track majors combining geology with biological sciences, chemistry, physics, or engineering.

The BS degree program is designed to be the best possible preparation for advanced work in geology in graduate school or for professional employment as a geologist. The Geology program offers a strong background in the major areas of geology including: mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, stratigraphy, structural geology, field mapping, hydrogeology and report writing.

Special Features

• Among the greatest attractions for studying geology at Sacramento State is the University's location in a dynamic geologic environment; just 70 miles to the west is the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Andreas fault. About equidistant to the east is the magnificent Sierra Nevada mountain range. The active geology faculty conducts field trips in almost every course in the Geology major, providing excellent opportunities for students to learn field skills and to apply classroom knowledge to field situations.
• A small student/teacher ratio, plus a rigorous course of study, contributes to the excellent reputation of the Sacramento State Geology Department with employers and graduate schools. Contact the Department office for assistance in obtaining a faculty advisor.
• The Geology Department operates the largest on-campus well field in the nation, with twenty engineered wells for teaching and student research. The well field is complemented by a comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art geophysical and hydrological field equipment.
• The Geology Department shares Placer Hall with the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Students benefit from this unique collaborative enterprise between a university and a federal agency because of the educational, research, and employment opportunities provided by the combined scientific and educational resources of the Geology Department and the USGS.
• Students interested in marine geology may take courses at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories at Moss Landing, CA, 180 miles from the Sacramento State campus. The labs and available courses are described under the Marine Sciences section of this catalog. A program including Moss Landing courses may be formulated with a Geology advisor. Such a program usually requires living in or near Moss Landing for one or more semesters.

REQUIREMENTS - BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE - EARTH SCIENCE

Units required for Major: 63-72
Minimum total units required for BA: 120
Courses in parentheses are prerequisites.

REQUIREMENTS - BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE

Units required for Major: 79
Minimum total units required for BS: 124
Note: Additional units may be required to meet the Sacramento State foreign language requirement.
Courses in parentheses are prerequisites.

A. Required Lower Division Courses (34 units)
(5)	CHEM 1A	General Chemistry I (High school algebra [two years] and high school chemistry; or equivalent)
(5)	CHEM 1B	General Chemistry II (CHEM 1A with a passing grade of C or better)
(3)	GEOL 10	Physical Geology
(1)	GEOL 10L	Physical Geology Lab (GEOL 10; may be taken concurrently)
(3)	GEOL 12	Historical Geology (GEOL 10, GEOL 10L)
(1)	GEOL 12L	Historical Geology Lab (GEOL 12; may be taken concurrently; GEOL 10L)
(4)	MATH 30	Calculus I (MATH 29 or four years of high school mathematics which includes two years of algebra, one year of geometry, and one year of mathematical analysis; completion of ELM requirement and Pre-Calculus Diagnostic Test)
(4)	MATH 31	Calculus II (MATH 30 or appropriate high school based AP credit)
(4)	PHYS 5A	General Physics: Mechanics, Heat, Sound (Recently completed three years of high school algebra and geometry; and a college course in algebra and trigonometry [ MATH 9 recommended] for those having an inadequate mathematics background OR
	PHYS 11A	General Physics: Mechanics (MATH 30, MATH 31; or equivalent certificated high school courses. MATH 31 may be taken concurrently)
(4)	PHYS 5B	General Physics: Light, Electricity and Magnetism, Modern Physics (PHYS 5A or instructor permission) OR
	PHYS 11B	General Physics: Heat, Light, Sound (MATH 31, PHYS 11A)
B. Required Upper Division Courses (45 units)
(5)	GEOL 100	Mineralogy (CHEM 1A, GEOL 10, GEOL 10L)
(4)	GEOL 102A	Igneous/Metamorphic Petrology (GEOL 100, GEOL 103A, GEOL 110A)
(1)	GEOL 102B	Igneous Field Techniques (GEOL 100, GEOL 103A, GEOL 110A, GEOL 111A, GEOL 111B)
(4)	GEOL 103A	Sedimentology/Stratigraphy (GEOL 10, GEOL 10L, GEOL 12, GEOL 100; ENGL 1A or demonstrated writing ability. Corequisite: GEOL 103B for BS students)
(1)	GEOL 103B	Sedimentary Petrology/Stratigraphy Field (GEOL 103A, concurrent enrollment is recommended)
(4)	GEOL 105	Paleontology (GEOL 10, GEOL 10L, GEOL 12, GEOL 12L)
(4)	GEOL 110A	Structural Geology and Tectonics (GEOL 10, GEOL 10L, GEOL 12, GEOL 12L, GEOL 100, GEOL 103A, GEOL 111A, GEOL 111B; PHYS 5A or PHYS 11A; MATH 30 or MATH 26A)
(1)	GEOL 110B	Structural Geology Field (GEOL 100, GEOL 103A, GEOL 111A, GEOL 111B. Corequisite: GEOL 110A)
(2)	GEOL 111A	Field Geology (GEOL 10, GEOL 10L, GEOL 12, GEOL 12L, GEOL 100. Corequisite: GEOL 103A, GEOL 103B; GEOL 111B)
(2)	GEOL 111B	Field Techniques (GEOL 10, GEOL 10L, GEOL 12, GEOL 12L, GEOL 100. Corequisite: GEOL 103A, GEOL 103B; GEOL 111A)
(4)	GEOL 112	Geophysics for Geologists (GEOL 103A, GEOL 111A , GEOL 111B, PHYS 5A, PHYS 5B, or PHYS 11A, PHYS 11B, MATH 26A or MATH 30)
(4)	GEOL 120	Surficial Processes (GEOL 10, GEOL 10L, GEOL 103A, GEOL 110A, GEOL 111A, GEOL 111B, or instructor permission)
(9) Electives Consult Geology advisor for approval of all major electives

Note: Completion of the degree requires attendance at 16 colloquia to be verified by faculty signature. A geology summer field camp is also mandated (in senior year). This is usually a four- to six-week commitment.

REQUIREMENTS - MINOR

Total units required for Minor: 18
Courses in parentheses are prerequisites.

REQUIREMENTS - SUBJECT MATTER PROGRAM
(PRE-CREDENTIAL PREPARATION)

Geology majors who intend to pursue a teaching credential must complete the science subject matter program which is described in this catalog. Successful completion of this program fulfills the subject matter competence requirement and qualifies students to enter the teaching credential program in the College of Education. The Science Teaching Credential allows graduates to teach all four of the sciences (Geoscience, Biology, Chemistry and Physics) at the General Science level in 7-12 grades, and Geoscience at an advanced level in high school.

Currently there is a great need for K-12 teachers educated in science. Changes in State Board of Education Standards and increasing interest in earth and space sciences has created significant demand for students with this credential. Geology majors who have an interest in teaching should contact the credential advisors in the Geology Department (Dave Evans or Judi Kusnick).

GRADUATE PROGRAM

The graduate program in Geology offers course work, fieldwork experience and research that will lead to a Master of Science degree in geology. It allows students who successfully complete the program to upgrade their educational qualifications and advance to doctoral programs or professional positions that require an in-depth knowledge of hydrogeology, environmental geology, and geologic hazards. The University's location in the state capital provides direct access to many local, federal, and state agencies through internship and fieldwork opportunities.

Each student should plan a program according to his/her background, interests and objectives, in consultation with a faculty advisor. Students are required to consult with an advisor prior to admission to the program or initiation of graduate study. For information on how to select an advisor, students should contact the Geology Department Office. Graduate students who want to engage in teaching as professionals can apply for an appointment as a Graduate Teaching Associate. Graduate Teaching Associates have the opportunity to teach one to three lower division laboratory courses per semester and are paid at a rate commensurate with their teaching load.

All work toward the degree must be completed within a seven-year period. The general University requirements for graduate degrees are explained in the "Graduate Studies" section of this Catalog or visit the WEB site http:\\www.csus.edu/geology.

Admission Requirements

Admission as a classified graduate student in Geology requires:

• a degree in Geology, or 24 units of equivalent upper-division course work in geology which must have been passed with a grade of "C-" or better and includes: GEOL 10, GEOL 10L, GEOL 100, GEOL 102A, GEOL 103A, GEOL 110A, GEOL 111A, and GEOL 111B. These core undergraduate courses cannot be used as graduate electives by students who do not hold a degree in Geology or equivalent;
• a minimum 2.75 GPA in all geology, chemistry, math and physics courses, and a minimum 3.0 GPA in upper division geology courses;
• three letters of recommendation from persons familiar with your academic record and professional capabilities, sent directly to the department;
• a brief statement of interest, faculty sponsorship, area of specialty and long-term goals;
• two semesters of inorganic chemistry with a lab (CHEM 1A and CHEM 1B);
• two semesters of physics with a lab (PHYS 11A and PHYS 11B or PHYS 5A and PHYS 5B); and
• two semesters of math (MATH 30 and MATH 31).

Students who have deficiencies in Admission Requirements that can be removed by specified additional preparation may be admitted with conditionally classified graduate status. Any deficiencies will be noted on a written response to the admission application. You must be admitted to the degree program before graduate level courses will count toward the degree.

All prospective classified graduate students, including Sacramento State graduates, must file the following with the Office of Graduate Studies:

• an online application for admission;
• an application for admission to the Geology Graduate Program; and
• two sets of official transcripts from all colleges and universities attended, other than Sacramento State.

Applications are accepted as long as space for new students exists. However, students are strongly urged to apply by February 1 for the following fall or October 1 for the following spring in order to allow time for admission before registration. A decision regarding admission will be mailed to the applicant upon receipt of all items listed above.

Each student must file an application for Advancement to Candidacy, indicating a proposed program of graduate study. This procedure should begin as soon as the classified graduate student has:

• removed any deficiencies in admission requirements;
• completed at least 12 units in the graduate program with a minimum 3.0 GPA, including at least two courses at the 200-level;
• obtained the graduate committee's acceptance of the thesis proposal; and
• passed the Writing Proficiency Examination (WPE) or secured approval for a WPE waiver.

Advancement to Candidacy forms are available in the Office of Graduate Studies, River Front Center 206, (916) 278-6470. The student must fill out the form after planning a degree program in consultation with his/her faculty advisor. After approval by the Geology Department Graduate Committee, the completed form is returned to the Office of Graduate Studies for approval.

Units required for MS: 30
Minimum required GPA: 3.0
Courses in parentheses are prerequisites.

Courses taken to meet the graduate core requirement will not count as elective courses. Elective courses (including GEOL 299) will be selected with prior approval of the student's faculty advisor in the area of interest. In addition to 200-level courses, these may also include up to 6 units of approved technical electives (but not the required courses) from the undergraduate curriculum. Not more than 3 units of GEOL 299 may be taken without prior approval of the Graduate Coordinator.

Geologist · Geophysicist · Groundwater Geologist · Oil and Gas Geologist · Mineralogist · Paleontologist · Marine Geologist · Environmental Geologist · Photogeologist · Seismologist · Consulting Geologist · Soils Engineer · Land Use Planner · Volcanologist · Astrogeologist · Geochemist · Economic Geologist · Mining Geologist · Hydrologist · Government Geologist · Coal Geologist · Glacial Geologist · Vertebrate Paleontologist · Geology Professor · Earth Science Teacher

FACULTY Diane Carlson, Kevin Cornwell, David Evans, Lisa Hammersley, Brian Hausback, Tim Horner, Judi Kusnick CONTACT INFORMATION David Evans, Department Chair Stacy Sinz, Administrative Assistant Placer Hall 2003 (916) 278-6337 www.asnet.csus.edu/geology

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